v;fdflhs ljjfb tyf 4G4 M
ljjfb tyf 4G4nfO{ ;dfgfyL{
?kdf lng ;lsG5 / lng] ul/Psf] klg 5 . zflAbs cy{df ljjfb cyf{t 4G4n] emu8f,
dgd'6fj, dgf]dflnGosf] l:yltnfO{ hgfpF5 . s'g} ljifo jf k|zª\udf /xg] km/s dtdf
sf/0f ljjfb tyf 4G4sf] l;h{gf x'G5 . 4G4 ljz]iftM ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ckof{Kttf jf
ltgsf] cljj]sL ljt/0f, clwsf/sf] c:ki6tf, ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQm jf ;d'xsf] JolQmut
jf ;fd'lxs bafasf] l:yltdf l;h{gf x'G5 . ;dfh ;dfg cfsf+Iff af]s]sf JolQmx?sf]
hdft xf] hf] lg/Gt/ cGt/lqmofdf /xG5g\ . ;dfhsf ;b:ox?n] cGt/lqmof ug{] qmddf
Ps csf{lar ljjfbx? l;h{gf x'g ;S5g\ . j}rfl/s j]d]nsf] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . ;f]
a]d]n Pjd\ lj/f]wfef;sf] cj:yf g} ;fdflhs ljjfb jf 4G4 xf] . ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfhdf
o;k|sf/sf] 4G4 a9L km}lng] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
dfgjzf:qLx?sf] ljrf/df 4G4
;dfh / ;+:s[ltlar x'g] lje]bsf] cj:yf xf] eg] cy{zf:qLx?sf dt cg';f/ 4G4 b'Nf{e
;fwgx?sf] afF8kmfF8df x'g] k|lt:kwf{sf] pkh xf] . dgf]j]Qfx?sf] ljrf/df 4G4
;fd'lxs / JolQmut lxtsf] kl/lwdf /x]sf]
lje]b xf] . To;}u/L /fhgL1 tyf /fhgLlts lrGtsx?sf] wf/0ffdf /fhgLlts ;f]rdf
/xg] leGgtf g} 4G4 xf] .
v4G4sf b[li6sf]0fx? M
· k/Dk/fut cyf{{t gs/fTds b[li6sf]0f M o; b[li6sf]0f cg';f/ 4G4 ;bf;j{bf
xflgsf/s x'G5 h:tf];'s} kl/l:yltdf klg o;nfO{ bafpg'k5{ jf ;dfh, ;+u7gdf
b]lvg'x'Fb}g . of] wf/0ffn] ;g\ !(#) ;Dd dfGotf kfof] .
· dfgj ;DaGwjfbL cyf{t ;s/fTds b[li6sf]0f M of] b[li6sf]0f cg';f/ 4G4
:jefljs k|lqmof ePsf]n] o;nfO{ ha/h:tL bafpg / phfu/ x'g} glbg ;lsb}g . 4G4
plAhg ;S5 sltko cj:yfdf o:fnfO{ nfedf ?kfGt/0f ug{ klg ;lsG5 / o;nfO{ plrt
lsl;dn] ;dfwfg ug{'k5{ . o;n] ;g\ !(&) sf] bzs ;Dd dfGotf kfof] .
· cGt/lqmofTds b[li6sf]0f M ;g\ !(&) sf] bzs kl5 dfGotf kfPsf] of]
b[li6sf]0f cg';f/ Ps xb;Dd 4G4nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g' kb{5 . Optimum level ;Ddsf]
4G4n] ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts ultlzntfnfO{ lhpFbf] /fVb5 . ;b\efjo'Qm,
zflGtk"0f{, km/s dt g} gePsf] ;dfhdf ls t Psflwsf/jfbL dfGotf xflj x'G5 ls
u}/ l;h{glzn, csd{0o, oyfl:yltjfbL / xbeGbf a9L ;lxi0f' x'G5 . o:tf] ;dfh
cfk"mnfO{ gf}nf] kl/l:ylt;Fu ;dfof]hg ug{ c;dy{ x'G5 . 4G4sf] ;lx Joj:yfkg
ug{ hfGg] xf] eg] Tof] l;h{glzn x'G5 .
vljjfb tyf 4G4
l;h{gfsf ;}4flGts sf/0fx? M (PCICHI)
· Community
Relation Theory M ;dfhsf ljleGg ;d'xx?larsf] w'|ljs/0f /
cljZjf; .
· Positional
Negotiation Theory M cfkl; a]d]nsf] :t/
· Human need
theory M dfgljo
tyf ;fdflhs cfjZostf k"lt{ gx'g'
· Identity
theory M JolQmut
tyf ;fd'lxs klxrfgsf] nflu
· Inter
Cultural Misunderstanding theory M ;fdflhs tyf ;fFs[lts
cGt/la/f]w
· Conflict
transformation theory
Jojxfl/s ?kdf pNn]v ug{] xf] eg] M ;fdflhs
ju{ lje]b, ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] sld, pRr dxTjsf+Iff / ljZjf; tyf ;dembf/Lsf] cefjsf
sf/0f ;dfhdf 4G4 l;h{gf x'G5 . -;f=lj=p=;f_
vg]kfndf ;fdflhs ljjfb tyf 4G4sf] cj:yf M
· /fhgLlts kl/jt{gn] ;dfhdf ljefhg / ljjfb NofPsf] 5 .
· klxrfg, kx'Fr / k|ltlglwTjsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ ;dfhdf ljjfb l;h{gf ePsf]
5 .
· /fhfnfO{ ;a} s''/f dfGo lxGb'Tj / lxGb'/fHonfO ;/sf/L dfGotfaf6 al~rt u/fPkl5
dGb ultdf 4G4 l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
· b]z ;+l3o k|0ffnLdf uO;s]kl5 clwsf/ afF8kmfF8sf] laifonfO{ lnP/ ljjfb
ePsf] 5 .
· ;Gt'lnt ljsf; gePsf] ljifon] 4G4 lgDTofPsf] 5 .
· ;/sf/L lgsfosf] :yfkgf tyf :t/f]GgtLsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ klg ljjfb ePsf]
b]lvG5 .
· zx/L O{nfsfdf kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgsf] ljifon] klg 4G4 a9fPsf] 5 .
· ;dfhdf s'k|yfsf cjz]ifx? afFsL /x]sf]n] To;s} sf/0f obfsbf ljjfb ePsf]
kfO{G5 .
v4Gbdf jftf{sf z}nLx?÷/0fgLltx? M -k|;k;;_
· k|lt:kwf{ dfkm{t nfb\g] z}nL (Competing): I Win you loss
· ;dk{0f (Accomodating) : I loss you win
· kG5fpg] (Avoiding) : No win no
loss
· ;xof]u (Collaborating) : I win you win
· ;Demf}tf (Compromising) : Both win both loss
v;fdflhs ljjfb tyf 4Gb Joj:yfkgdf k|zf;gsf] e"ldsf M
4Gb cfk}mdf Ps hl6n cj:yf xf] o;sf] Joj:yfkg Tolt
;lhnf] x'Fb}g . s'g} Ps kIfn] dfq ;fdflhs ljjfb tyf 4Gbsf] Dafe landing ug{ ;Sb}g . s'g} lsl;dsf] ;fdflhs ljjfb tyf 4Gb
Joj:yfkgdf lgDg kIfx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 M
· ;fdflhs If]qsf cu'jfx?sf]
· /fhg}lts g]t[Tjsf]
· k|zf;lgs If]qsf]
· ;fd'bflos ;+3;+:yfx?sf]
· cGt/fli6«o dWo:ystf{x?sf] cflb .
;dfh;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] k|zf;gsf] 4Gb
Joj:yfkgdf /xg] e'ldsfnfO{ lgDg a'Fbfdf pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
· ;fj{hflgs ;]jf k|jfx ubf{ lgikIf / k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|jfx ug{],
· ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{df hg;xeflutf / :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfngdf
ljz]if hf]8 lbg],
· l;h{gf eO{;s]sf ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu oy]i6 sbd rfNg],
· ljjfb ;DalGw ;lx ;"rgf k|jfx ug{] cflb .
v;fdflhs Gofosf] kl/ro M
jf:tjdf h;sf] h] xf] p;nfO{
Tolx lbg' g} Gofo xf] . Gofo Ps d"No xf] . of] cfw'lgs ;fdflhs ljsf;sf]
Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ xltof/ klg xf] . Gofo eGg] ljlQs} ;dfhsf x/]s ;b:o
cfk"m klg c? ;/x x/]s ;fdflhs ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf ;dfg ;xeflutf / ;dfg
k|ltkmnsf] xsbf/ x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotf xf] . ;fdflhs Gofon] ;dfhdf /x]sf
nfex?nfO{ ;dfg?kdf pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ub{5 . cfw'lgs cjwf/0ff
;lxtsf] ;fdflhs Gofo zAb ;j{k|yd ;g\ !*$) df Luigi Taparelli n] k|of]udf NofPsf lyP . jt{dfg nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf x/]sh;f] ultljlw
/ lqmofsnfkx? ;fdflhs Gofosf] :yfkgfdf s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotf /flvG5 .
;dfhdf JofKt dT:o Gofok|0ffnLsf] cGTo ug{] Pp6f ljlw ;fdflhs Gofo xf] h;sf]
dxTjk"0f{ kIf dfgjclwsf/nfO{ dflgG5 . -dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq
!($* sf] wf/f @% df ;fdflhs Gofosf] af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 ._ cf}krffl/s sfg'g
eGbf klg ;fdflhs k|lqmof, cj:yf / k|0ffnLnfO{ dxTj lbO{ ;f]xL cfwf/df Gofo
;Dkfbg ug{] k4lt g} ;fdflhs Gofo xf] . o;n] sfg'gnfO{ dfGb}g eGg vf]lhPsf]
xf]Og sfg'gsf] clwgdf /x]/ ;fdflhs lxtnfO{ al9 Wofg lbG5 eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] .
v;fdflhs Gofosf b[li6sf]0fx? M
ljt/0fsf/L jf ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t Gofo, k'glj{t/0fsf/L jf ;dtfdf cfwffl/t
Gofo / k'g{:yflkt Gofo ,
v;fdflhs Gofosf l;4fGtx? M -ckfdf hf]; zf;_
·
dfgljo k|lti7f
·
kf/:kl/s Pstf / ;b\efj
·
clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L
·
;xeflutf
·
zflGt k|j4{g
·
hf]lvddf k/]sfnfO{ k|fyldstf
·
;d'bfosf] sNof0f
v;fdflhs Gofosf k"j{;t{x? M
·
/fHo ;~rfnsx?sf] ;s/fTds lrGtg /
Jojxf/
·
gful/sx?df clwsf/ k|flKtsf]
k"j{ lqmoflzntf
·
/fhg}lts :yfoLTj / k|0ffnLsf]
:jR5tf
·
nf]stGq, ljs]lGb|s/0f / ljlwsf]
zf;g
·
pRr, lbuf] / km/flsnf] cfly{s a[l4
·
lg0f{o k|lqmof / nfesf] ljt/0fdf
hg;xeflutf
·
ul/aL / a]/f]huf/Ls]f ca:yfaf6 d'St
/x]sf] cj:yf cflb .
vg]kfndf ;fdflhs Gofosf] :yfkgfsf] nflu ePsf k|of;x? M ;ffdflhs Gofosf]
:yfkgfsf] nflu g]kfndf ljljw sfg'gL, ;+/rgfut / Jojxf/ut k|of;x? ePsf 5g\
h;nfO{ o;k|sf/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
·
;+a}wflgs Joj:yf M g]kfnsf
;+ljwfgx?df ;fdflhs Gofo sfod ug{sfnflu
ljleGg lsl;dsf df}lns xsx?sf] Joj:yf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;} u/L /fHosf lgb]{zs
l;4fGt tyf gLltx?df ;fdflhs Gofo k|a4{g ug{] ;DaGwdf ljljw Joj:yfx? klg ePsf
5g\ .
g]kfnsf]
jt{dfg ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] wf/f $@ df ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf] ?kdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . wf/f $@-!_ df ;fdflhs ?kn] k5f8L k/]sf klxnf, blnt =====
lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/s tyf cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg v; cfo{nfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf
cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 . wf/f $@-@_ df cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg
tyf nf]kf]Gd"v ;d'bfosf gful/sx?sf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, zzlQms/0f /
ljsf;sf] nflu lzIff,, :jf:Yo, cfjf;,
/f]huf/L, vfBfGg / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe kfpg] xs x'g] 5 .
wf/f
$@-#_ df elgPsf] 5 ckf+utf ePsf gful/sx?nfO{ ljljwtfsf] klxrfg ;lxt kof{bf /
cfTd;Ddfg k'j{s hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] / ;fj{hflgs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg kxF'rsf]
xs x'g] 5 .
·
cGo sfg'gL Joj:yf M ;fdflhs
GofonfO{ k[i7kf]if0f ug{sfnflUf g]kfndf ljut b]lv g} ljlEfGGf sfg'gx?sf]
lgdf{0f ub{} cfOPsf] 5 . h:t} M Ifltk"lt{ P]g @)!(, vfB P]g @)@#, b}lj
k|sf]k p2f/ P]g @)#(, kmf]xf]/d}nf P]g @)$$, afnaflnsf ;DaGwL P]g @)$*, ;dfh
sNof0f P]g @)$(, nfu' cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g @)## cflb .
·
gLlt tyf sfo{qmfd M g]kfnsf]
;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] wf/f %!-~f_ df /fHosf gLlt cGtu{t ;fdflhs Gofo /
;dfj]lzs/0f ;DalGw gLlt pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
v;dfh / ;+:s[lt M ;fdfGotof s'g}klg k|sf/sf] Pslqt hg;d'bfonfO{ ;dfh
elgG5 t/ ;dfhzf:qLo cy{df ;a}k|sf/sf] hg;d'bfonfO{ ;dfh dflgb}g . h:t} s'g} pBfgdf /dfO/x]sf ;d'xnfO[ ;dfh eGg
ldNb}g lsg sL ;dfh aGgsf] nflu ;dfhsf ;b:olar cfk;L ;DaGw tyf cGt/lqmof x'g' cfjZos 5 . olx cGt/lqmof / ;DaGwsf] kl/0ffd
:j?k aGg] Pp6f cd"t{ ;+/rgf g} ;dfh xf] . ;dfh / ;+:s[lt Ps csf{sf kl/k'/s
x'g . Ps csf{df lolgx? 3lgi6 ?kn] hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . ;dfhn] k"0f{tf kfpg
;+:s[lt Ps ckl/xfo{ tTjsf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 .
v;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts ?kfGt/0f M ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts ?kfGt/0f dfgj
;Eotfljsf;sf dxTjk"0f{ 36s x'g\ . ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts kl/jt{g lg/Gt/
k|lqmof xf] / of] qmlds x'G5 . eg] ?kfGt/0fn] ltj| Pjd qmflGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf]
;+s]t ub{5 . x/]s ;dfh / ;+:s[lt kl/jt{gd"vL x'G5g\ / km/s olt xf] sf]lx
qmlds kl/jt{gnfO{ cfTd;ft u5{g eg] sf]xL ?kfGt/0fnfO{ . ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf] ult
/ lbzf b]z / ;dfhjdf]lhd km/s x'g ;S5 .
kl/jt{g Tolta]nf k|ult x'G5 ha Tof] OR5fOPsf] x'G5 . kl/jt{g ?kfGt/0f xf] o;df
s'g} Zf+sf 5}g . ?kfGt/0f eg]sf] ljsf; xf] hf] cfly{s Pj+ k|fljlws ljsf;;+u
;DalGwt 5 . ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts kl/jt{gnfO{ km/flsnf] b[li6n] x]Gf{' klg
?kfGt/0f xf] . g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf s0ff{nL k|b]zdf 3'dGt] hLjg latfO/x]sf /fp6]
;d'bfox?sf] njfOvjfO[df cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ?kfGt/0f dfGg ;lsG5 . h+undf a:g]
plgx? zx/df cfpg yfn]sf], k};f 5'g'x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf ePsf]df k};fsf] dxTj a'‰g
yfn]sf] h:tf s'/fx?n] plgx?sf] ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts ?kfGt/0f x'Fb} uPsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . cem To;}df b}n]vsf] u'F/f;
ufpFkflnsfn] plgx?nfO{ :yfoL kl/ro kq k|bfg u/]kl5 t plgx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf
;f+:s[lts kl/jt{sf] If]qdf sfofkn6 g} cfpg] b]lvG5 .
v;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf l;4fGtx? M ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ;DaGwL
lj4fgx?n] ljleGg l;4fGtx? k|ltkfbg u/]sf 5g\ h'g o;k|sf/ 5g\ .
·
cfly{s l;4fGt M cfly{s :j?knfO{
/x]s ;dfh Pj+ Joj:yfsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf lnO{G5 . cy{Joj:yf g} ;dfhsf] k|d"v
cfwf/ ePsf]n] ha cfly{s ;+/rgf Pj+ k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g cfpF5 ta To;n] ;du| ;dfh /
;fdflhs Joj:yfdf kl/jt{g NofpF5 . o;k|sf/sf] kl/jt{gaf6 ;+:s[lt klg k|ToIf
k|efljt eO{ ;fF:s[lts ?kfGt/0f x'G5 . sfn{dfS; o; l;4fGtsf k|jt{s dWosf Ps x'g\
pgn] eg]sf 5g\ hLjgsf] ef}lts cj:yfn] g} ;fdflhs kl/jt{g ;'lglZrt 5 .
·
k|fljlws l;4fGt M k|ljlwn] cfh
;dfhnfO{ lgs} ultlzntf k|bfg ug{ lgs} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] 5
. cem ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fdf k|ljlwn] hlt ;fob} cGo kIfn] ;3fPsf] xf]nf .
·
;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts ljsf; M ;fdflhs
;fF:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] o; l;4fGtn] ;dfhx? ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts ljsf;4f/f
kl/jt{g / ljsl;t x'g] s'/f cl3 ;f5{ .
·
pb\ljsf;jfbL l;4fGt M ;fdflhs
;fF:s[lts ?kfGt/0f qmlds ljsf;sf] ?Kfdf cuf8L a9\b5 / ljsf;sf] lg/Gt/ ultsf]
sf/0f ;dfh Pj+ ;:s[ltsf] kl/jt{g klg lg/Gt/ /xG5 eGg] tYosf] JofVof g}
pb\ljsf;jfbL l;4fGtsf] hu xf] . bfz{lgs cui6 sfD6]n] ljrf/df x'g] kl/jt{gnfO{
pb\ljsf; k|lqmofsf] d"n dfg]sf 5g\ .
·
ljsf;jfbL l;4fGt M ;fdflhs tyf
;fF:s[lts ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df ljsf;lzn / ljsl;t d'n'sx?sf]larsf] leGgtfsf] JofVof
ug{] hdsf{] o; l;4fGtn] ub{5 . h; cg';f/ ljsf;lzn /fi6«x?n] vf; u/]/ plgx?sf]
;fF:s[lts ;jfndf ljsl;t ;dfh em}F aGb}hfg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf k|:t't ub{5g\ .
·
cfnf]rgfTds l;4fGt M ;dfhdf wd{,
cy{ gLlt, cflb ;DalGw lgod Pj+ l;4fGtx? /x]sf x'G5g\ o;} u/L ;do ;dodf ljleGg gofF / km/s ;f]r
/fVg] bfz{lgsx?sf] hGd x'G5 h;n] ljBdfg lgod tyf l;4fgGt cflbsf] ;Gbe{df k[ys
dt lbG5g\ . o;/L lg/Gt/ km/s dt cfO/xFbf To;n] ;fdflhs, cfly{s cflb If]qdf gofF
lgod / l;4fGtsf] hGd x'Fb} hfG5 .
v;fdflhs ;+/If0f
/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff M ;fdfGo af]lnrfnLsf] efiffdf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs
;+/If0fnfO[ p:t} ?kdf cYof{OG5 eg] g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL zAbsf]zdf klg oL b'j}nfO{
kof{ojfrLsf ?kdf k|of]u u/]sf] kfO{G5 . t/ oL b'O{ Pp6} eg] xf]O{gg\ . ;fdflhs
;'/IffnfO{ ;fwg / ;fdflhs ;+/If0fnfO{ ;fWosf] ?kdf lng'k5{ eGg] ts{ klg o;sf
hfgsf/x? cuf8L ;fg{] u5{g\ .
· ;fdflhs ;+/If0f M cfly{s, ;fdflhs / zfl/l/s ?kn] sdhf]/ Go'gtd\ dfgjLo
cfjZostfx? k'/f ug{ g;Sg] ;dfhsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ul/g] ;+/If0f ;fdflhs ;+/If0f xf] .
;fdflhs ;+/If0fnfO{ ;fF3'/f] / a[xt\ b'j} cy{df cYof{pg] ul/G5 .
ü ;fF3'/f] cy{df ;fdflhs ;+/If0f ;fdflhs ;'/Iffs} kof{ojfrL xf] . u/LaL,
a]/f]huf/L, la/fdL, a[4fj:yf, sdfpg] JolQmsf] d[To'sf sf/0f dflg;nfO{ cfo
;'/Iff k|bfg ug{] ;fdflhs k4lt ;fF3'/f]
cy{df ;fdflhs ;+/If0f xf] .
ü a[xt cy{df x]bf{ sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf, bolgotf/ alxis/0fsf ;d:ofx?sf]
;dfwfg ug{ / hLjgdf cfO{kg{] k|d"v vt/f jf hf]lvdx/?sf] ;fdgf ug{ cfjZos
;xof]u k|bfg ug{] sfo{sf] ;dli6 ;fdflhs ;+/If0f xf] .
· ;fdflhs ;'/Iff M of] ;fdflhs Gofosf] cleGg c+u xf] . ;a} hgtfnfO{ Pp6}
vfnsf] ;]jfn] ;fdflhs Gofosf] nIo k|flKt x'Fb}g To;}n] ljz]if ju{nfO{ /fHon]
lbg] ljz]if ;]jf ;'ljwf Pjd\ ;x'lnotnfO{
;fdflhs ;'/Iff elgG5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] cjwf/0ff ;g\ !(#& df tTsflng
cd]l/sL /fi6«klt ?hj]N6n] cl3 ;f/]sf x'g\ . dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff kq
!($* / gful/sx?sf /fhgLlts, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs clwsf/;DalGw cg'aGw !(^^ df ;d]t
;fdflhs ;/IffnfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] c+usf ?kdf lnPsf] kfO{G5 .
To:t} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] wf/f $# df pNn]v ul/Psf] ;fdflhs
;'/Iffsf] xsdf elgPsf] 5 cfly{s ?Kfn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf, c;xfo
Psn dlxnf, ckf+utf ePsf, afnaflnsf, cfk\mgf] ;'/Iff cfk}m ug{ g;Sg] gyf
nf]kf]Gd"v hfltsf gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5
. ;fdflhs ;'/IffnfO{ klg ;+s'lrt / a[xt b'j} cy{df cYof{pg] ul/G5 M
ü ;+s'lrt cy{df o;n] cf}krfl/s If]qdf sfo{/t sfdbf/, sd{rf/L / pgLx?sf
kl/jf/sf] ;'/IffnfO{ dfq ;d]6\5 .
ü a[xt cy{df ;fdflhs ;'/Iffn] /fi6« / ;dfhsf ;Dk'0f{ ;d'xx? / cf}krfl/s
tyf cgf}krfl/s b'j} cy{tGqnfO{ cfk\mgf] bfo/fdf ;d]6\5 .
vg]kfndf ;~rflnt
;fdflhs ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmdx? M
ü gub ;xfotf M j[4 eQf, Psn dlxnf eQf, ;'Ts]/L ;xfotf sfo{qmd, s0ff{nL
If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] nflu ;xfotf, h]i6 gful/s :jf:Yo pkrf/ sfo{qmd, k|fs[lts
k|sf]k /fxt, 4G4 lkl8t Pjd\ afnaflnsf ;xfotf, ;lxb kl/jf/ lgjf{x eQf cflb .
ü j:t' ;xfotf M b'u{d lhNnfdf vfBfGg ljt/0f tyf 9'jfgL, ljBfno lbjf vfhf
/ t]n cflb, cfof]l8g o'Qm g'g ljt/0f cflb
ü ;]jfx? M 5fqf Pjd\ blnt / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf s0ff{nL If]qsf
afnaflnsfnfO{ 5fqj[lt lbg] sfo{qmd, lgMz'Ns k|fylds pkrf/, lgMz'Ns k|;'lt ;]jf,
hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d'bfo, &% jif{ dfly / !% jif{ d'lgsf la/fdLx?sf] lgMz'Ns
8fonf]l;; / SofG;/sf] pkrf/, Go'g nfut cfjf; ;xfotf cflb .
ü ;fdflhs ljdf M sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if, pkbfg, k]G;g, gful/s nufgL sf]if,
sfdbf/ / sd{rf/L hLjg ladf Pjd\ b'3{6gf ljdf, ef}lts ;Dklt Pj+ ;jf/L ;fwg ladf
cflb .
ü ;fj{hflgs lgdf{0f ;]jf M s0ff{nL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd, o'jf :j/f]huf/
sfo{qmd .
cf}krfl/s cgf}krfl/s 